6 FRP Insulation Pipes
--------FRP pipeline enjoys the good reputation of " remarkable energy-conservation " because of the n=0.0084.
--------Because the inner wall is smooth and its fluid transportation head loss is small, at the same kind of flux we can select the pump with less pipeline diameter or power.
--------Apply to the long distance transportation, the heavy-caliber pipeline can reduce the installation expense and the costs to keep warm, cancel the antiseptic expense, and exempt from the overhaul expense --It is the philanthropic act of "prolong life"
--------Pipeline cannot be frozen to crack under frost medium.
--------Corrosion resistance: Different corrosion resistant pipeline can be selected on the basis of the medium condition under the crisscross and complex circumstance.
--------Pressure resistance: Design and manufacture the pipeline and pipe fittings according to the process pressure. Do gas pressure experiment under the 1.5 multiple process pressure.
--------Heat resistance: low temperature resistance is minus 70? and high temperature resistance is 250?.
--------It has good insulation property and can eliminate electrostatic after improvementthe improvement. It's flammable improvement,after improvement it can self-extinguish?retard the fire and refuse burning; It's transparent improvementand colorful after improvement; It has good heat preservation capability improvement and good heat conduction capability after improvement.
--------Innocuity: It can be used in the transportation of the drinking water.
For FRP insulation pipe, fiber wound FRP pipe as conveying pipe, the polyurethane, etcmaterial as central insulation layer, and the fiber wound FRP pipe as the external pressure bearing protection layer, it is a new type insrlation pipe.
4.
Frp High-pressure Pipe
Adopted the advanced winding technology, FRP high-pressure pipe possesses the distinguished properties in the oil-field work and had been used widely in the pipeline and well pipe of oil field.
1. Distinguished corruption resistance, long service life.
2. Excellent high temperature resistance which meet the requires of oil extraction and affusion technique completely.
3. Distinguished liquid-flow properties of medium
4. Excellent insulate property, no re-pollution.
5. No dirt, no waxed and is not prone to clogged up and thus reduced the cost of maintenance.
6. Lightness and high strength, expedient method of connection and operation
Specification
Diameter:1-1/2 inches(38mm)to 8 inches(200mm)Pressure grade:3.5-24MPa
Length:30feet
This product is made by high strength fiber and epoxy resin under winding process.
Diameter range:38mm-200mm(1.5 inch-8 inch)
Working pressure range:3.5MPa-25MPa
The highest working temperature: 100°C
Products characteristic:
-Good high-pressure resistance,good corrosion resistance, long service life.
-Light weight,easy installation and transportation.
-Screw connection,good sealing.
-Small friction coefficient,no dirt deposition inside pipe,excellent hydraulic characteristics.
5.
FRP Pipe with Sand Filler
FRP pipeline with sand filler is made of resin (transport drinking water with food class resin), fiberglass and quartz sand by special techniques.
Its service temperature is under 80, and it is suitable for working at various quality soil. As following is its application field: 1.transporation of drinking water; 2.discharged sewage; 3.seawater's transportation; 4.circulating water pipeline in power plant; 5.transporation of corrosive medium in chemical industry; 6.transporation of oil and gas; 7 agriculture irrigation.
As following are characteristics of the pipeline:
1 Good corrosion resistance
Needless of cathode antisepticise protection or other antisepticise measure. It can not bring second pollution to water and other medium. Service life of the production is long.
2 Light
The pipeline's weight only occupies 1/4 weight of the spheroidal pipeline with the same specification and length, 1/10 of the cement pipeline's. Transportation, loading and unloading is convenient.It is easy to install.
3 Long length of the single pipeline
So it can reduce the junction of the pipeline, accelerate the speed of installation, and improve the quality of entire pipeline.
4 Smooth inner wall
It can reduce the flow resistance, increase the speed of flow and reduce the energy consumption. To transport the same flux liquid with smaller caliber pipeline can increase about current capacity 10% compared to the steel pipeline with same specification. Does not fouling and does not reduce the flow speed for long time.
5 Adopt anticorrosive quick-acting junction
The coupling uses the double "O" grommet to do bell and spigot joint. It is easy to install, good sealing and corrosion resistance. Junction may regulate the pipeline's direction within 3° scope.
Typical specification and size of pipeline
1 Pipeline's working pressure(MPa):atmospheric pressure PN0.6 PN1.0?PN1.6
2 Pipeline's rigidity rank: SN2500 SN5000 SN10000.
3 The length of single pipeline: 6M 8M 10M 12M(manufacture special length pipeline according to the request of user)
4 The caliber and wall thickness of pipeline(as shown in table 1)
3.
FRP Process Pipes
Made of fiberglass reinforced plastic materials, FRP process pipe can resist the corrosion of acidic, alkaline, salty water and untreated sewage, seawater as well as corrosive soil or underground water, chemical fluid. FRP process pipe is a kind of composite which processed by nonmetal material that is resin and glassfibre. It shall not rust no matter in operation or lying idle, therefore it is unnecessary to deal with rust prevention and removing.
The operation temperature of FRP process pipe is －４０~８ ０℃ ; Provided special resin adopted, its operation temperature can be hoisted.
The density of FRP pipes is 1.7-1.9; its unit length and weight is proximately 30% that of steel pipe in comparison with other material pipes with same caliber and pressure. And its length can reach 12 meters; therefore it is convenient to transport and install in short time. In addition, FRP pipes can avoid jointing, rust resistant and corrosion resistant working procedure as steel pipe needs.
The inner surface of FRP process pipe is very smooth and its roughness coefficient is very small. The water conservancy factor(C) can be kept within 145-150 during a long period. It is tested that its friction factor (f) is 0.000915. It can decrease the pressure along the pipeline and increase conveying capacity above 20%.
FRP process pipe is non-conductor; it has good insulation property so that it is suitable for applying in electricity conveying, the concentrated area of communication cable and thunder district. Since its thermal conductivity is very small（０.２５kcal/m•h•℃）, it has good insulation property with less heat loss.
The function characteristics and shape of FRP pipes can be designed as per specific conditions: ① design ability of winding angle enables the pipe to allocate different longitudinal/hoop intensity;② design ability of thickness of the pipe wall enables it to sustain different interior or exterior pressure;③ design ability of constituent materials enables the pipe to measure up to corrosion resistant, fire retardancy and insulation property.④ design ability of joints can suit for different installation conditions and enables it to shorten installation of the project.
FRP pipes enjoy the following features:
1. Corrosion resistant
2.good resistance to effect of heat and frost resistance
3. Lightweight, high strength, convenient transportation and installation
4. Small friction and high conveying capacity
5. Good insulation for electricity and heat
6. Rustless
7. Good design ability
8. Miscellaneous joints
Its miscellaneous joints includes butt and over wrap joint, flanged joint, socket-spigot joint with glue, “o” joint and screwing joint. The type of joint can be chose in accordance with specific construction condition to enhance the reliability of the project.
9. Good maintainability
In the ordinary course of things, it is unnecessary to maintain since FRP process pipe shall not rust and deposit with good corrosion resistant property. Even if it is need to maintain, FRP process pipe will be very convenient to deal with because of its lightweight and good maintainability.
Application range of FRP process pipes:
1. Industrial production pipe
①Conveying of corrosive fluid as well as gas pipe in industrial production.
②Oil industrial pipes. FRP pipe is applied to convey crude oil and natural gas. It is suitable for arcticalpine, frost, high temperature, acid and alkali condition because of its small thermal expansion coefficient.
2. Brewage and fermentation pipe
It is mainly applied to convey and store finished and semi-finished product as well as auxiliary material.
3. Electricity
FRP pipe is commonly used as circulating pipe, make-up pipe, rainwater pipe and seawater desulfurization pipe, etc.
4. Other applications
Except for the above mentioned application range, FRP pipes have been applied in different degree to the areas of paper making, currying, ventilation, pharmaceutical and environment protection. Its application range is becoming wider.
FRP Products:
1．FRP Tanks & Vessels
2. FRP Water Tanks
3．FRP Storage Tanks
4. FRP Food Grade Tanks
5. FRP wound-on-site Large Tanks
6. FRP Transportation Tanks
7. FRP Assembled Water Tank
8. FRP Assembled Feed-Tank
9. FRP Vertical Storage Tank
10 GRP Water Tanks
3. FRP Storage Tanks
Storage tanks made of FRP materials offer the benefits of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, thermal insulation, anti-rust, excellent design ability.
FRP tanks are widely used in chemical industry, electricity, petroleum chemical, sewage disposal, metallurgy, pharmaceutical, textile industry, printing and dyeing, environmental protection, etc.
Main raw materials applied: UPR, PVC, PP, PE, PVDF, FG etc.
Molding method: Computer controlled continuous filament winding
Specification: Tank diameter: 600mm -25000mm.
4. FRP Food Grade Tanks
Adopting computer controlled filament winding technology, FRP storage tank and brewing tank in food grade based on food grade resin matrix are safe and hygienic without toxicity and taste, which ensures the sanitation requirement of products.
FRP storage tank is applied in food storage and transportation of sauce, vinegar and others through selection of food grade resin and strict post process techniques. Adding exterior insulation layer while manufacturing helps improve its insulation efficiency and maintain its necessary temperature during sauce fermentation.
FRP food grade tanks have the following characteristics:
1. Excellent physical property. FRP density is 1.8-2.1, being equal to 1/4-1/5 of steel; and its specific strength is higher than steel, cast iron and plastic. The thermal expansion coefficient of FRP tanks is approximately the same with steel; while its thermal conductivity is only 0.5% of steel; 2. Flexible design ability and excellent structural property of tank wall enable its constituent materials to fully display and to be selected reasonably; 3. Smooth and clean surface which can be washed easily; 4. Against animalcule corrosion; 5. Without toxicity and taste; 6. Low conductivity coefficient which can effectively maintain constant temperature; 7. Good low temperature resistant property; 8. Long operate life; 9. The insulation layer can be manufactured and the heating and cooling equipment can be added on the tank as per the requirement of clients.
Applications:
FRP storage tanks are mainly used as:
Vinegar, sauce and acidic food vessel;
Food fermentation tank;
Solarization vat;
Inebriant, alcohols and fatty food vessel;
Chloric drinking water tank and water tank for life;
Super-pure water tank.
5 Wound-in-site FRP Large Tank
FRP large tanks offers the following features:
Field winding and insulation, unnecessary to transport, high strength, high resistance to wind and shock, good corrosion resistance, flexible design ability
Main raw materials for wound-in-site FRP large tanks: E-glass roving, surface tissue, UPR
Molding method: Vertical continuous fiber helical and hoop winding
Specification: Tank diameter: 4000mm -25000mm
Cubage： 150m3 -3000m3
6. FRP Transportation Tank
FRP tanks and vessels have light weight, its density is 1.5 -1.9g /cm3, lighter than metal; high strength, corrosion resistant, small thermal expansion coefficient, excellent thermal insulation, glossy inner surface, easy to clean and convenient to repair
Main raw materials: Resin: ISO phthalic UPR for inner liner layer; orthophalic UPR for structural laminate FG: roving, CSM, surface tissue
Molding method: Filament winding
Specification: can be manufactured as per requirements of clients.
9.
FRP Vertical Storage Tank
FRP vertical tanks for storage have excellent resistance to acid, alkali, salt and organic solution; light weight, high strength, good design ability, low repairing expense and long service life. FRP tanks obtain an extensive application fields such as petroleum chemical, chlorine and alkali, metallurgy, paper making, chemical fertilizer, etc.
Main raw materials used for making the tanks: Vinyl ester resin, UPR, E-glass roving, surface tissue, chopped strand mat etc.
Molding method: Filament winding
Specification: Tank diameter≤ 4000mm
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FRP Products: Cooling Towers:
FRP Tower Equipment
FRP Cooling Towers
FRP Round Counter-flow Cooling Tower
FRP Square Counter-flow Cooling Tower
FRP Tower Equipment
FRP products are widely applied in the areas of alkaline-chlorine, metallurgy, pharmaceutical, fermentation and brewage, potash fertilizer, compound fertilizer (NPK) as its characteristics of lightweight, high strength, wide range of corrosion resistance and good design ability.
At the beginning of design, we select the materials scientifically and calculate the structural strength accurately based on different applied areas and operation conditions of tower equipments. In addition, we are able to manufacture FRP tower equipment with excellent properties by strict management, advanced equipment and perfect techniques.
The raw materials of FRP, PVC/FRP and PP/FRP tower equipment in our company are procured from domestic and abroad subcontractors which have been certified by ISO9000 Quality System.
Tower equipment is able to meet requirements of miscellaneous corrosive media through altering inner liner layer, raw material of inner parts or varieties of resin and fiberglass while designing. Based on finite element analysis, tower equipment can meet the requirement of strength under relevant temperature and pressure through variety change of structural layer resin and fiber as well as adjusting method of layer lying.
The fabrication, inspection and acceptance of inner liner and parts of PVC and pp are strictly carried out by HG20640-1997 Plastic Equipment standard; while the exterior reinforcement is stringently executed by JC/T587-1995 Filament Wound Reinforced Plastic Tank standard.
FRP Square Counter-flow Cooling Tower
There are two series of cross-flow cooling tower. The FRP square cooling tower has low noise type and super low type. The cooling water fluxes of single tower are respectively 80, 100, 125, 175 and 200 mm 3/h (6×200m 3/h). If the reading in the parameter table exceeds 200m 3/h, pieces of cooling machines should be installed. And the corresponding amounts of cooling tower are remarked in the column of fan and electric engine. Beside low noise type and super low noise type, there is also industrial type with medium high water temperature decrease HBL series. The cooling fluxes of single cooling tower are respectively 300, 500 and 700m 3/h. They can also be installed in parallel for use. It has the characteristics of high air current speed, noise little higher than that of installation tower, but lower than that of counterflow tower as well as small land occupying area.
There are two series codes, B-FRP, H- cross-flow cooling power, Z- installation model and L- cooling tower and the remaining are the same with those of counterflow model.
Structural properties: the series apply bilateral air intake. The mass transaction with the hot water is conducted through the air passing the bilateral fillers by means of the top fan. The wet air is discharged outside the tower again. Point wave plates with protruding point on both faces is applied for fillers, which are adhered into one integrate through installation to increase rigidity. Because there are protruding points on both faces, not only the water drop is prevented from directly dropping, but also the function to form water film is increased. There are water measures on the foot section of filler. The fan applies airofoil FRP fan with lower rotational speed and lower dynamic pressure. Apply terylene fiber reinforced power belt. Its merits include low noise and high drive efficiency and it doesn’t skid at the time of water. Because of bilateral air intake, the filler can be directly stacked to distribution channel from the bottom of water pool. Therefore, there isn’t water dropping noise like counterflow tower, which is advantageous to reduce the noise of cooling tower. Consider convenient for installment, the base of cooling tower is installed on the strip reinforced concrete basis. The foundation dimensions in the sample are only for reference. Take the average value of the load of each base. And 200×200m steel plate withthe thickness of 16 mm can be embedded on the location of anchor bolt. If the user hopes to enlarge the water storage capability of water tank, he should explain this at the time of ordering.
FRP Round Counter-flow Cooling Tower
The characteristics of Round Counter-flow FRP cooling tower:
1.The tower body is made of high quality fiberglass, resin, gel coat surface with anti-aging, corrosion resistance, bright and smooth, fastness and so on.
2.There are two kinds of blower :aluminum alloy and stainless steel, with a characteristics of reasonable match tower crane, the wind volume, low noise.
3.The electrical motor adopt of dedicated outdoor cooling tower motor, reduction gear reducer with dedicated cooling towers, with a characteristics of smooth operation, low energy consumption, long life and low noise.
4.The improvement of sowing pipe design , not only make the distribution of the water pressure average, but also more stronger the framework of tower body, greatly enhance the capacity of earthquake-resistance.
5.The filler tested by the authoritative department show that: with water and then evenly distributed hydrophilic good, air resistance is small,stand fire and so on.
6.The galvanized steel bracket with advanced technology, plus two anti-corrosion paints, the ability of anti-corrosion particularly strong.
7.The series cooling towers of water-collecting has a large drip pan , and equipped with manual, automatic replenishment devices and sewage, overflow pipe, without re-design of the pool.
8. The series cooling tower of no chassis is a low cost, light weight, air resistance is small, good stability, and so on.
9. The series cooling tower of mute has unique and advanced noise elimination technology, no problem of dead air and improve the overall efficiency, ranking the leading position in China.
10.The tower has good stability and strength, can inherit the earthquake intensity 8 and 12 typhoons.
11.After years of continuous improvement and customer feedback operation ，our company have a stable performance, inexpensive, small investment for small and medium projects, uses.
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FRP Products:
Expoxy FRP Winding Insulation Cylinder
FRP Grating
FRP Pipe Fittings:
FRP Flange
FRP Reducer
FRP Elbow
FRP Tee
Pipeline Connection Forms
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FRP pipe (fiber reinforced plastic pipe)
Namely, fiber-reinforced plastic, generally refers to glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, epoxy and phenolic resin matrix, commonly known as glass fiber reinforced plastic.
1. What is GRP?
FRP is a kind of plastic, is to use glass fiber reinforced plastic, FRP can be expressed in English letters. Plastics, literally speaking, refers to the plasticity of the material, is now generally refers to man-made plastic, that is made from resin with various additives, if the resin does not add any additives can not be referred to as plastic, can only be called a resin. Of thermoplastic and thermoset resin because of the points, so plastics are also divided into two kinds of thermoplastic and thermoset. If you go with glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics, can be called thermoplastic glass fiber reinforced plastic: If you use glass fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic called thermosetting. The current production of glass fiber reinforced plastic in terms of mainly refers to thermosetting. From the point of view of use of materials, FRP is a composite material, if the composite structure from its own point of view, the FRP also may be regarded as a structure.
2, FRP What are the characteristics and shortcomings?
Answer: FRP has the following characteristics.
(1) (FRP) light-weight high-strength glass pipe
The relative density between 1.5 to 2.0, only the carbon steel 1 / 4 to 1 / 5, but the tensile strength is close, even more than carbon steel, while the specific strength compared with high alloy steel. Therefore, in aviation, rocket, spacecraft, high-pressure vessel and the need to reduce the weight of the products of other applications, all with outstanding results. Some epoxy FRP tensile, bending and compression strength can reach more than 400Mpa. Note: The specific strength that the strength divided by density.
(2) (FRP) FRP pipe corrosion resistance
FRP is a good corrosion-resistant materials, air, water, and in general the concentration of acid, alkali, salt, and a variety of oils and solvents have a better resistance to diseases. Has been applied to all aspects of chemical corrosion, is being replaced by carbon steel, stainless steel, wood, non-ferrous metals.
(3) (FRP) FRP pipe good electrical properties of
Is an excellent insulating material used to make insulation. Still well under the protection of high-frequency dielectric properties. Microwave transmitted through sexual well and has been widely used in radar antenna cover.
(4) (FRP) FRP pipe thermal performance of good
FRP low thermal conductivity at room temperature for 1.25 ~ 1.67kJ / (m • h • K), only the metal 1 / 100 ~ 1 / 1000, is an excellent insulation material. In the transient ultra-high temperature case, is ideal for thermal protection and anti-ablative materials to protect spacecraft at 2000 ℃ high-speed airflow over to withstand erosion.
(5) (FRP) FRP pipe can be designed to good
① may be needed, the flexibility to design a variety of structured products to meet the application requirements, you can make the product a very good overall.
② full selection of materials to meet product performance, such as: you can design a corrosion-resistant, and resistant to transient high temperature, the product of a direction of a special high-strength, dielectric and good, and so on.
(6) (FRP) FRP pipes excellent manufacturability
① according to the product shape, technical requirements, uses and the flexibility to select the number of molding process.
② process is simple, can be a shape, highlight the economic effects, especially for complex shape, a small number of easily forming the product, but also highlight the superiority of its technology.
Can not ask a FRP to meet all the requirements, FRP is not a panacea, FRP also has the following shortcomings.
(1) (FRP) FRP pipe with low elastic modulus
FRP elastic modulus ratio of timber twice as large, but lower than steel (E = 2.1 × 106) of small 10-fold, and therefore less rigid product structure are frequently and easily deformed.
Can be made of shell structures, sandwich structure, but also through high-modulus fibers or do to strengthen tendons and other forms to cover.
(2) (FRP) FRP pipe of poor long-term temperature
FRP can not generally long-term use at high temperatures, common polyester FRP strength at 50 ℃ for more than a significant decline, it is generally at 100 ℃ for the following use; general-purpose epoxy FRP at 60 ℃ or above, the intensity decreased significantly. But you can choose high-temperature resin, and make long-term working temperature 200 ~ 300 ℃ is possible.
(3) (FRP) FRP pipe aging
The aging phenomenon is a common defect of plastic, FRP is no exception, in the ultraviolet light, wind rain and snow yarn, chemical medium, under mechanical stress, etc. may easily lead to performance degradation.
(4) (FRP) FRP pipe with low interlaminar shear strength
Interlaminar shear strength is borne by resin, so very low. Selection process through the use of coupling agents and other methods to increase the cohesive force between layers, most notably in the product design, try to avoid the shear layer.
3, (FRP) FRP What are the methods of production?
A: Basically, two broad categories, namely wet and dry-contact pressure forming. According to process characteristics, such as points, there are hand lay-up molding, lamination molding, RTM method, squeeze Rafah, compression molding, winding and so on. Hand lay-up also includes hand lay-up method, bag pressure method, injection method, the wet paste method and non-low-pressure mold hand lay-up method.
Currently the world‘s most widely used methods are the following four types of molding.
① hand lay-up method: The main use of state are Norway, Japan, Britain, Denmark.
② injection method: The main use of state from Sweden, the United States and Norway.
③ molded law: mainly in Germany and other countries.
④ FTM France: The main use of state are European and American countries and Japan.
China has more than 90% of the FRP products are hand lay-up method of production, and other molding method, winding method, laminating method, etc. (see chapter XI). Japan‘s hand lay-up method still accounts for 50%. From the world point of view, a considerable percentage of hand lay-up method still shows that it still has vitality. Hand lay-up method is characterized by wet resin molding, simple equipment, cost less, one can paste more than 10m overall product. The disadvantage is that the low level of mechanization, the production cycle is long, inconsistent quality. In recent years, China has introduced from abroad squeeze pulling, spraying, winding and other process equipment, with the FRP industrial development, new process methods will continue to appear
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General Information on FRP
Features
Advantages:
Resistant to corrosion
Lightweight
Strong and durable
Non conductive to heat and electricity
Low thermal expansion
Non magnetic, transparent to electrical fields
Maintenance free
Easily cut and machined
Fire retardant grades
Non toxic
No surface painting or treatment
Impervious to bacteriological growth
For use in all climates and exposure to sunlight
Suitable for use in brine, sewage and a wide variety of chemicals
Long life
Easy installation
Pleasing appearance, warm to the touch
Wide range of colours
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Process:
1
Glass or other fibre reinforcements in a variety of forms are drawn from reels.
2
Thorough impregnation with thermosetting resin is carried out in a resin tank or special cavity machined in the moulding die.
3
Electrically heated dies shape and cure the profile as a continuous operation.
4
Double acting heavy duty pullers ensure the product is drawn through the process at a steady controlled rate.
A high speed diamond tipped saw equipped with efficient dust extraction is used to cut the sections to customers' requirements.
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Applications:
Sports & Leisure: Sail battens, hang glider and microlight components, poles for dome tents, fishing equipment, high jump poles, golf flag sticks, toys.
Electrical: Armature components, ducting, switch gear and printed circuit supports, aerial supports, light fittings, high voltage poles, radar equipment.
Industrial Plant: Water treatment plant sections, ladders and handrails, flooring and structural supports, cooling plant and chlorine plant components.
Engineering: Cryogenic components, components, jigging tubes for prototypes and fixtures, shower parts, hospital scanner components, musical instruments.
Construction: Gas pipe sleeves, access ladders, street furniture, guttering, shuttering, mine reinforcing rods, structural beams, double glazing.
Transport: Seating supports, refrigerated van components, air deflector supports, railway signal ducting, live rail protection, sports car chassis parts.
Agricultural: Crop marking, hydroponic cultivation, electric fence poles, intensive farming equipment, net supports, greenhouse supports and staging.
Marine: Pier ladders, handrails, radar scanner body, racing boat gunnels, buoy and marker poles, oil boom stiffeners, fish farm equipment.
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The Pultrusion Process
Pultrusion is a versatile manufacturing process for the continuous moulding of glass fibre reinforced composite materials into complex profiles. Pultruded glass reinforced sections are the most economic method of producing composite profiles with a constant cross-section. The range of shapes that can be produced are similar to those commonly made by thermoplastics or aluminum extrusion processes. Pultrusions are engineering composites which bridge the gap between the relatively weak ‘plastics’ materials, and the stronger metals to give a structural alternative to traditional engineering materials whilst retaining many attractive properties associated with plastics.
Although a range of fibre types and matrix resins can be used, the majority of applications employ E glass, S glass or carbon fibre reinforcement materials in either polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy or acrylic resin matrices. The glass fibre and resin matrix selection depends on the application. This is determined by the environment in which they are used. The majority of industrial glass reinforced plastics (GRP) use E glass reinforcements in either a polyester or vinyl ester resin matrix. Carbon fibre profiles have a higher modulus than GRP combined with a lower density giving greater stiffness and strength to weight ratios making them attractive in applications where weight and stiffness are paramount. Hybrid combinations of glass and carbon reinforced materials in vinyl ester resin matrix can offer an alternative to pure/100% glass reinforcement giving better mechanical properties at a lower cost than pure/100% carbon reinforcement.
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Properties
The technical data below shows a typical range of properties which reflect the variation in formulation possible by incorporating different reinforcing materials. The relatively high mechanical properties of Pultrusion are due to the large proportion of reinforcing fibres present, typically in the range 50 - 70%. Profiles which are reinforced entirely with rovings such as rods and other simple shapes generally have a high fibre content which confer the higher mechanical properties in the longitudinal direction shown in the Technical Data, however transverse properties of such materials will be relatively low.
For many shapes and applications the incorporation of reinforcements which give transverse properties, such as woven materials and multidirectional mats, is necessary. Because such materials do not pack so efficiently, the total fibre content is lower and the longitudinal properties reflect this reduction, together with the trade off in strength in the transverse direction, hence the lower figures in the Technical Data.
Although the situation is further complicated by the contribution due to the matrix resin, R.B.J. can generally select a suitable formulation and manufacturing route to meet your specific design requirements.
Flexural strength = 275-700 MN/m2
Flexural modulus = 14-34 GN/m2
Tensile strength = 200-550 MN/m2
Tensile modulus = 14-31 GN/m2
Compressive strength = 96-206 MN/m2
Izod impact strength = 50-100 ft lb
Fire retardancy. Surface spread of flame (BS 476) to Class 1 or Class 2 can be attained. Low smoke, halogen free formulations are available.
Density = 1.7-1.9 gm/cc
Water absorbtion = 0.5-2%
Barcol hardness = 40-70
Specific heat = 940 J/kg K
Thermal conductivity = 0.35 W/m K
Co-efficient of thermal expansion = 7.2 x 10-6/K
Heat Distortion Temperature = 100-200 °C
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Glass-reinforced plastic is a plastic material strengthened by glass fibres, sometimes erroneously called fibreglass. Glass-reinforced plastic is a favored material for boat hulls and for the bodies and some structural components of high-performance cars and aircraft; it is also used in the manufacture of passenger cars.
Products are usually moulded, mats of glass fibre being sandwiched between layers of a polyester plastic, which sets hard when mixed with a curing agent.
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Mechanical Properties of F. R. P.
Two factors affect the mechanical properties of fiber glass-reinforced plastics (F. R. P.): (1) Glass volume fraction; (2) The configuration of glass filled. There are hardly any published analyses of the relation between these factors and the mechanical properties of F.R.P.
The present invention is one kind of composite metal net reinforced super high molecular weight polyethylene GRP pipe for hydraulic conveying of coal cinder, mineral sand, silt and other solid grains. The composite pipe consists of outer casing and inner lining, and features the inner lining formed via hot pressing metal net into polymer material, the outer casing of GRP, and the firm adhesion of the inner lining with metal net exposed in outer surface to the inner surface of the GRP outer casing via epoxy resin adhesive. The composite pipe of the present invention has the advantages of light weight, high strength and anticorrosion, like GRP pipe, and the lining with excellent characteristic of being wear resistant, anticorrosive and antiscaling.
WHAT IS GRP?
Glass Reinforced Polyester - known as 'Fibreglass'
The unique properties of Fibreglass make it suitable for a wide range of product applications, and offer advantages that are not found in other types of construction.
These advantages include:
DESIGN FREEDOM
High degree of design flexibility. The practical uses of fibreglass are virtually endless, limited only by your imagination. Fibreglass opened many new avenues for creative designers. Its unique physical properties allow it to be easily tooled, molded and manufactured to meet almost any specifications. Because there are few constraints on size, shape, color or finish, the styling and appearance can take precedence over manufacturing costs.
AFFORDABILITY
This design freedom and the easiness to work make fibreglass an economical alternative for the manufacture of any component or finished product in any quantity.
VERSATILITY
The lightweight strength of fibreglass has always made it a popular choice for manufacturing. Fibreglass offers distinct advantages in a wide range of products; its reduced weight and maintenance make it attractive on architectural projects. More and more industries are discovering the benefits of its versatility.
STRENGTH & DURABILITY
High strength to weight ratio and high flexural strength. Fibreglass is an attractive lightweight material that builds strength into almost any finished product or component. Pound for pound fibreglass can be stronger than steel and sheet metals. Highly resistant to environmental extremes. Fibreglass is built to last. Dollar for dollar, fibreglass reinforced plastic products provide better performance than plain non-reinforced plastic units.
APPEARANCE
Fibreglass parts are gel-coated in their molds with a choice of flat, semi-gloss or high gloss color eliminating the need for painting. In highly corrosive environments gel-coats are much more durable than most paints. Fibreglass products can be manufactured in numerous finishes, textures and colors.
MOULDED LOOK
With sheet metal, you get a plain box. Fibreglass parts have sleek contours and a superior molded appearance with high visibility colors.
DIELECTRIC
Fibreglass is non-conductive, RF transparent, and helps to insulate against electromagnetic fields, making Fibreglass the obvious choice for electrical and electronic equipment storage.
CORROSION - ENVIRONMENTALLY TOUGH
Fibreglass is non-corrosive and has a much longer life expectancy when compared to a variety of construction materials. In highly corrosive environments Fibreglass is the preferred choice over metal, wood, or plastic. A popular choice where exposure to harsh environments is a concern, Fibreglass provides resistance to ultra violent light, extreme temperatures, salt air, and a variety of chemicals including most acids. Because fiberglass is chemically inert and corrosion-resistant, it offers an economical alternative to stainless steel.
SOUND DEADENING
Fibreglass provides superior acoustical properties when compared to plastic or metal. Various type of sound deadening materials can be laminated between high strength layers of Fibreglass matte to achieve the preferred level of sound deadening. Stability Fiberglass exhibits the least amount of expansion and / or contraction when compared to plastic, wood, or metals. Fibreglass parts have excellent dimensional stability and will hold their shapes under severe mechanical and environmental stresses.
LOW MAINTENANCE
Fibreglass parts require very little maintenance - no rust, no painting, no wood rot. Tired of costly maintenance associated with repairing or replacing expensive equipment?
Coupling Making:
Testing System for FRP Pipes:
GRP Continuous Winding Machinery
Brief Introductions
One kind Continuous Wingding automatic production line is made up of winding--feeding--solidify--holding--anti-distortion--cutting and unloading system. This line with features as blew: high technology, high automatic level, high efficiency and more specifications. This continuous winding technology is the most advanced in the world and held one part in domestic. GRP Continuous Wingding automatic production line is made by Langtong Company, which hold totally independency knowledge property rights.
Continuous Winding technology
Continuous Winding technology used for GRP pipes and tank’s production and mainly removed one glass fiber mixture layer to one moving steel belt mould. The mould made by one continuous steel belt winding on one horizontal mandrel and another inner layer film winding on mould. Then the resin mixture (direct yarn, cutting yarn, quartz sand and polyester etc.) will spray on mould well-proportioned and last surface yarn winding and solidify and then cutting on line and surface planning finished.
General Data
Winding--Feeding--Solidify—Holding--Anti-distortion—Cutting--Unloading system.
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Food /Brewed Tanks and Vessels
With the continuous development of science and technology in recent years, the fermentation industry which is related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood has been made great progress and the fermentation equipment has been updated from tradition to modernization. Because of its good corrosion resistance, high specific strength and green environmental protection, the FRP equipments become the ideal renewal products.
1. The functional request of the fermentation equipment
a. Corrosion resistance
In fermentation industry there are mainly there kinds of corrosive medium: the first one is the corrosion of half-finished product in the course of producing or the product itself such as citric acid, vinegar acid and the salts in sauce and so on. The sencond one is all sorts of accessorial and disinfectant stuff during the processing, for example, various salt, inorganic salt (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, etc), alkali (sodium hydroxide and ammonia water). The third one is the mixture of the mentioned two kinds as well as exhaust gas and waste water which have to be made some environmental protection processing.
b. The material is innoxious and can get in touch with the food.
c. The fermentation equipment must satisfy health demand of food container.
d. Be propitious to the prevention and treatment of pollution bacterium : The pollution bacterium or bacteriophage is principal enemy during the fermentation process. These infected bacteria not only hinders the growth of producing bacteria and synthesis of products and disrupts the normal manufacturing management order, but also influences the product quantity of the further work procedure and even give rise to inverted tank which let fermentation liquid into the sewer and make the production suffered from great damage. So the equipments must have no dead spot and leakage. Moreover the raw materials must not have fouling and make against the growth and residence of undesirable bacteria.
e. Certain strength and toughness must be assured.
Some equipments have to meet the request of temperature, pressure and attaching the mixer except of storage tank of finished products and raw/accessory materials in fermentation industry,for example, various fermentation tank, neutralization tank in monosodium glutamate industry, ion exchange column, vacuum condense tank preparing citric acid, etc. Therefore, the material which is used for manufacturing the equipment has the certain request of strength and toughness.
2. Present material condition of fermentation equipment
Now in fermentation industry there are three kinds of materials which are used in most of equipments. The first one is carbon steel compound, i.e. lined with rubber, FRP, stainless steel, plastic, acidproof ceramic tile, etc. The second one is the integral stainless steel and the third one the integral plastic (PVC, PP, etc.)
The price of carbon steel compound and plastic equipments are generally moderate and meet the ordinary request of corrosion resistance. But the property of the inner materials is different with that of the carbon steel in the carbon steel compound equipment. Therefore construction and maintenance are difficult and the easily shedding inner leads to equipment corrosion and interior medium contamination. In addition, maintenance costs increases and the service life shortens consumedly. And once the corrosion resistant inner penetrated the vessel, the carbon steel shell would be suffered from serious corrosion and even make the whole equipment discarded. For the pressure vessel it is possible to take place such serious accident as explosion.
The plastic equipments possess excellent corrosion resistance and are used for various medium. But these plastic equipments basically belong to thermoplastic engineering plastic which service temperature is not high , for example, the service temperature of PVC is below 70?. Moreover the application of this kind of plastic is restricted because of low service temperature, dehiscence (pp, for instance), low strength and aging.
The integral stainless steel equipment has good corrosion resistance, convenience of manufacturing and processing, high strength and good high temperature properties. The integral stainless steel is usually used for some key equipment which is used in rigorous environment. But in practice, there exits such problems as corrosion, contamination, etc. If these problems were not solved completely, not only its superiority would not be exerted, but also more great damage would be caused.
3. The characteristics of the FRP equipments
a. Satisfy the sanitary request of food. Whether the FRP products satisfy the sanitary request of food is the most basic request of the fermentation equipment. And it is key to choose the inner resin, that is to say, the resin must be food class.
b. Light mass and high strength. The FRP specific weight is only 1.4-2.0, and the tension strength of the fiber twisted FRP amounts to 300-500Mpa and exceeds the limit strength of the common steel and even some special alloy steel according to this strength. Therefore the FRP can be used as main structural material of the corrosion resistant equipment. Transportation, installation and maintenance are all convenient.
c. The corrosion resistance is Excellent. One of the biggest characteristics of FRP is the excellent corrosion resistance. The FRP production, which can resist several acid, alkali and organic solvent, can be produced by the choice of resin and appropriate molding process.
d. Good surface performance, easy to clean and good antiseptic performance. Because the whole molding FRP has no joint seam and is smoothing, few corrosion products and fouling appear and say nothing of growing bacteria and microorganism. So the FRP that do not contaminate medium and can be cleaned easily has already satisfied the request of food brewed and medical industry in virtue of specialized examination of food and medicine section.
e. The designability is good. The FRP is a kind of composite material which can satisfy different property request by means of changing the categories and quantity proportion of the raw materials and the arrangement pattern of reinforced material.
f. Good construction craft. The required shape can be fabricated conveniently by different molding method and mould because the non-solid resin and reinforcement have the capability of deformation. This characteristic is specially suited to large-scale, integrity and the complicated structure equipments and construction request. it can be applied to the spot construction and assemble.
g. Antiaging and fire retardant. The FRP is a kind of reinforced plastics whose matrix has problems of natural aging and burning. But these problems have already initially settled through more than 60 years research in the world and more than 30 years research in China. Reinforced material adding coupling agent can make FRP last for 50 years, and then keep the bending strength 64-46%, tension strength 71.2%. If adding antioxidant further, the aging resistance would be better. When adding burning inhibitor in matrix or adding burning resistant in employed burning inhibitor resin, the oxygen index of the FRP amounts to 34-36. And that the request of burning resistance is completely met for fermentation equipment.
h. Low comprehensive costs. As a new kind of functional material, generally speaking, the price of FRP equipment is higher than that of the carbon steel and some plastic equipment because raw materials of FRP are expensive, but lower than that of the stainless steel and other non-ferrous equipment. However, the installation, usage and comprehensive costs are low because of such advantages of FRP as light, good corrosion resistance, long service life and little maintenance. In addition, in order to gain excellent property and low comprehensive costs as well, a great variety of methods can be adopted to some equipments used in complicated and rigorous environment, for example, using stainless steel or titanium alloy to make heating coil tube and lining the thermoplastic.
4. Matters need attention during design and manufacture of the FRP equipment
design
safety coefficient. Safety coefficient is the ratio of limit strength and allowable stress. The confirmation of safety coefficient must take the circumstances into consideration because the standard strength is insufficient and the measured values scatter largely. As following are the main considering factors:Ⅰload and stress analysis. The lower safety coefficient can be adopted when the stress analysis is accurate.Ⅱdifferent safety coefficient should be chose when the FRP production is made by different process.Ⅲchoose reasonable safety coefficient at high temperature according to the heat deformation temperature of the chosen resin.Ⅳsafety coefficient should be raised appropriately considering shock load or fatigue load.Ⅴlow safety coefficient should be chosen for the further solidification processing.Ⅵsafety coefficient should be raised if the equipment likely do harm to people or is very important. Generally speaking, total safety coefficient is no less than 6. But too large safety coefficient results in material waste.
a. Resin type. Appropriate resin type is chose according to the medium category and temperature. Simulation experiment should be adopted while no dependable data in order that the chosen resin still possesses the required corrosion resistance and strength at service temperature.
b. Structural design. Structural design of equipment must satisfy the request of the convenience of usage and installation. For example, special considering must be taken for jnlet, outlet, ejection, nozzle and brace if the equipment is required to clean inside and outside conveniently. In addition, reasonable structural design must be done to satisfy the toughness requirement due to low elastic modulus of FRP.
c. manufacture: Fabrication should carry on strictly according to processing regulation, especially the machining quality of corrosion resistant layer must be assured. Strict control and management should aim at some special cases. For example, as following is the strict control of food making vessel. (1)The resin contacted with medium must choose the food class which accords with GB13115 standard and have formal experimental report. The adopted firming agent, promoter, polymerization retarder and their solvent must also accord with GB13225 standard.(2)After the vessel is processed, further solidification processing should be carried out commonly 3b at 80? and 14d at room temperature at least.(3)The surface contacted with medium should cleaned twice by means of vapor (80-120℃) or 80℃ water, and then sealed till usage.
Installation, transportation, usage
FRP is a new kind of material which has its own characteristics. The installation, transportation and usage of the FRP equipment is different from that of the other equipments made by traditional materials and must be based on the blueprint and introduction of the factory in order to assure the production quality. |